Mowa zależna - określenia czasu, miejsca i zaimki osobowe
Przy tworzeniu mowy zależnej musimy wziąć pod uwagę czas w jakim wypowiedź miała miejsce i odpowiednio go dopasować. Pewne określenia muszą zostać zmienione, aby zachować logikę wypowiedzi. Oto przykłady zastosowania tej zasady:
| Direct Speech | Reported speech |
| now | then |
He said: "I am writing now" Click to listen highlighted text! He said: "I am writing now" On powiedział: "Piszę teraz." | He said (that) he was writing then. Click to listen highlighted text! He said (that) he was writing then. On powiedział, że wtedy pisał. |
| ago | before |
She said: "I met him two days ago." Click to listen highlighted text! She said: "I met him two days ago." Ona powiedziała: "Spotkałam go dwa dni temu. | She said (that) she had met him two days before. Click to listen highlighted text! She said (that) she had met him two days before. Powiedziała, że spotkała go dwa dni wcześniej. |
| today | that day |
Mike said: "I will go swimming today". Click to listen highlighted text! Mike said: "I will go swimming today". Mike powiedział: "Pójdę dziś popływać" | Mike said (that) he would go swimming that day. Click to listen highlighted text! Mike said (that) he would go swimming that day. Mike powiedział, że pójdzie tego dnia popływać. |
| tonight | that night |
I said: "He is working tonight". Click to listen highlighted text! I said: "He is working tonight". Powiedziałem: "On pracuje dziś wieczorem." | I said (that) he was working that night. Click to listen highlighted text! I said (that) he was working that night. Powiedziałem, że pracuje tego wieczoru. |
| tomorrow | the following day, the next day |
"Pop in tomorrow", he said. Click to listen highlighted text! "Pop in tomorrow", he said. "Wpadnij jutro". | He told me to pop in the following day. Click to listen highlighted text! He told me to pop in the following day. Powiedział mi abym wpadła następnego dnia. |
| yesterday | the day before, the previous day |
She said: "I did the shopping yesterday". Click to listen highlighted text! She said: "I did the shopping yesterday". Ona powiedziała: "Zrobiłam zakupy wczoraj". | She said (that) she had done the shopping the day before. Click to listen highlighted text! She said (that) she had done the shopping the day before. Powiedziała, że zrobiła zakupy poprzedniego dnia. |
| this week | that week |
He said: "I don't work this week". Click to listen highlighted text! He said: "I don't work this week". On powiedział: "Nie pracuję w tym tygodniu". | He said (that) he didn't work that week. Click to listen highlighted text! He said (that) he didn't work that week. On powiedział, że nie pracuje tego tygodnia. |
| last week | the week before |
You said: "He went to my office last week". Click to listen highlighted text! You said: "He went to my office last week". Powiedziałeś: On poszedł do mojego biura w zeszłym tygodniu. | You said (that) he had gone to your office the week before. Click to listen highlighted text! You said (that) he had gone to your office the week before. Powiedziałaś, że on poszedł do twojego biura w poprzednim tygodniu. |
Zmiany w określaniu miejsca i w zaimkach wskazujących:
| Direct speech | Reported speech |
| here | there |
| He said: "I live here". Click to listen highlighted text! He said: "I live here". | He said (that) he lived there. Click to listen highlighted text! He said (that) he lived there. |
| this | that, the |
| She said: "I love this dress". Click to listen highlighted text! She said: "I love this dress". | She said (that) she loved that dress / the dress. Click to listen highlighted text! She said (that) she loved that dress / the dress. |
| these | those, the |
| He said: "These books are old". Click to listen highlighted text! He said: "These books are old". | He said (that) those books / the books were old. Click to listen highlighted text! He said (that) those books / the books were old. |
Zmiany występują również w zaimkach osobowych:
| Direct speech | Reported Speech |
He said: "I want to watch a comedy". Click to listen highlighted text! He said: "I want to watch a comedy". On Powiedział: "Chcę oglądać komedię". | He said (that) he wanted to watch a comedy. Click to listen highlighted text! He said (that) he wanted to watch a comedy. Powiedział, że (on) chce oglądać komedię. |
Jerry said: "She will always love me". Click to listen highlighted text! Jerry said: "She will always love me". Jerry powiedział: "Ona zawsze będzie mnie kochać" | Jerry said (that) she will always love him. Click to listen highlighted text! Jerry said (that) she will always love him. Jerry powiedział, że (ona) zawsze będzie go kochać. |
The teacher said: "You can take your books from the shelf" Click to listen highlighted text! The teacher said: "You can take your books from the shelf" Nauczyciel powiedział: "(Wy) Możecie zabrać swoje książki z półki" | The teacher said (that) we could take our books from the shelf. Click to listen highlighted text! The teacher said (that) we could take our books from the shelf. Nauczyciel powiedział, że (my) możemy zabrać swoje książki z półki. |
She said: "My father will be angry at me if I go with you". Click to listen highlighted text! She said: "My father will be angry at me if I go with you". Ona powiedziała: Mój tata będzie na mnie zły jeśli (ja) z tobą pójdę. | She said (that) her father would be angry at her if she goes with him. Click to listen highlighted text! She said (that) her father would be angry at her if she goes with him. Powiedziała, że jej tata będzie na nią zły jeśli (ona) z nim pójdzie. |
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